The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the most common slip and fall injuries include strains, sprains, and tears (72,750), fractures (45,460), and bruises and contusions (29,950).
The severity of injuries from a slip and fall can vary greatly, depending on your age, health, and the force of the fall. However, some common outcomes include:
Bone Fractures
These are some of the most serious injuries sustained in slip and fall accidents. Fractures can occur in various parts of the body, including:
- Wrists: A common injury, especially when trying to break a fall with your hands. Wrist fractures can be quite painful and may require casting or surgery to heal properly.
- Arms: Fractures can occur in the upper or lower arm (humerus or radius/ulna) depending on how you fall. These fractures can take weeks or months to heal completely and can have a big impact on your daily activities.
- Ankles: A sprained ankle is a common slip and fall injury. However, a fall can also cause a fracture in the fibula or tibia bones in your ankle. These fractures can be very painful and may require immobilization or surgery depending on the severity.
- Legs: Fractures can occur in the femur (thigh bone), tibia/fibula (shin and calf bones), or even the patella (kneecap) during a slip and fall. These leg fractures can be debilitating and require extensive rehabilitation.
- Hips: Hip fractures are especially concerning for older adults, as they can lead to complications and loss of mobility. Hip surgery is often necessary to repair these fractures.
Head Injuries
A slip and fall can cause a variety of head injuries, with the most common being a concussion. Concussions bring on headaches, dizziness, nausea, and trouble focusing. While most concussions heal with rest, you should see a medical professional to monitor for any worsening symptoms.
The impact of a fall can also lead to lacerations (cuts) on your scalp or face. Depending on the severity, stitches might be required to close the wound and prevent infection.
Beyond concussions, slip and falls can inflict more serious Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) such as:
- Epidural, intracerebral, or subdural hematoma: This refers to bleeding within the skull.
- Intraventricular or subarachnoid hemorrhage: This involves bleeding around the brain.
- Skull fractures: The impact of the fall can cause cracks in the skull.
- Coup-contrecoup injuries: These occur when the brain hits both sides of the skull, causing bruising on both sides.
- Diffuse axonal injury (DAI): This injury damages the nerve fibers within the brain.
Knee Injuries
The force of a fall can easily injure your knees, which absorb a lot of impact. Injuries can range from superficial cuts and scrapes, sprains (stretched ligaments), dislocations (bones out of joint), patellar injuries (damage to the kneecap), and fractures.
Since knees are weight-bearing joints, any injury can take a long time to heal and require physical therapy. Chronic pain and reduced mobility are also potential long-term consequences.
Back and Neck Injuries
The back and neck are prone to injuries during a fall, as they absorb much of the impact. These injuries can range from mild strains and sprains to serious spinal cord damage.
- Sprains and Strains: These are soft tissue injuries involving stretched or torn ligaments or muscles. While typically painful and uncomfortable, they often heal with rest, physical therapy, and pain medication.
- Herniated Discs: The force of a fall can cause a disc in your spine to rupture. This pushes the soft cushioning material out and puts pressure on nerves. This can cause severe pain, numbness, and weakness.
- Spinal Cord Injuries: These are the most serious back injuries and can result in partial or complete paralysis, depending on the location and severity of the damage.
Nerve Damage
The pressure or impact from a fall can damage nerves, leading to pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the affected area. Nerve damage can be temporary or permanent, depending on the severity of the injury.
Chronic Pain
Many slip and fall accident victims experience chronic pain as a result of their injuries. This pain can have a big impact on their quality of life. This makes it difficult to work, participate in activities, and enjoy life to the fullest.
Other Potential Injuries
Depending on the circumstances of the fall, you may also sustain:
- Facial fractures: A fall can break bones in your face, requiring surgery to repair.
- Dental injuries: A fall can damage or knock out teeth, necessitating dental treatment.
- Psychological injuries: The trauma of a fall can lead to anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Even a tumble that seems minor can cause problems later. If you take a slip and fall, don’t wait to see a doctor – especially if you’re in any pain, feel uncomfortable, or notice anything unusual. Getting checked out early by a doctor can help prevent bigger issues down the road and get you back on your feet faster.